Activin A is the single most important growth factor in iPSC differentiation toward endoderm-derived lineages, and one of the most widely used in cardiac mesoderm protocols as well.

This article examines each of the major parameters governing a TFF-based EV isolation run: membrane format and molecular weight cut-off selection, transmembrane pressure, cross-flow velocity, concentration factor, diafiltration strategy, temperature and hold time. It also covers process monitoring and the role of SEC polishing as a downstream step following TFF.

Not all extracellular vesicles are the same. Learn how exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies differ in size, biogenesis and cargo, and why the distinction matters for reproducible EV research.

MSC-derived exosomes (and other extracellular vesicles) have become one of the most actively investigated modalities in regenerative medicine, with peer-reviewed evidence spanning cardiac repair, neural regeneration, wound healing, bone and cartilage restoration, and acute organ injury. This article reviews the biological basis of MSC exosome activity, the therapeutic evidence across key disease areas, the manufacturing and isolation considerations that determine product quality, and the tools available to researchers establishing MSC exosome programmes.

Early diagnosis of cancer is critical to treatment outcome. Cancer cells are revealing themselves, secreting vast numbers of extracellular vesicles into the blood. The race is on to identify these hallmarks of cancer with the target of simple mass testing to catch the disease early.

Tangential flow filtration (aka Cross flow filtrati is the method of choice when sample volume, yield and scalability are the primary requirements. It is the only isolation approach that can process litre-scale conditioned media volumes in a single continuous run without filter fouling, and it simultaneously concentrates EVs to a small, analytically ready output volume.

The isolation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and exosomes is one of the most critical and variable steps in any EV research workflow. The most commonly used non-affinity isolation methods are ultracentrifugation (UC), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and tangential flow filtration (TFF). The method you choose directly determines the purity, yield and integrity of your isolated vesicles, and has downstream consequences for every subsequent characterisation step, including nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), western blot and functional assays

For decades, researchers have been searching for a reliable, clinically translatable way around this formidable BBB obstacle. Researchers in China may now have found one.