Most tangential flow filtration (TFF) protocols for extracellular vesicles (EVs) use the membrane as a net. Everything bigger than the cut-off stays in the retentate, everything smaller goes to waste, and the EVs come out as a single concentrated population. TFF can also be used to gate EVs based on their size.

As we launch our first plant-derived growth factor, hTGF-β3, we take a look at the (tobacco) field.

EV storage is a topic we are often asked about: Which buffers, what temperatures, and for how long? What is the impact on downstream applications of the EVs?

Health checks reduce downstream costs, both financial and medical. The same is true for cells, for which karyotyping is the fundamental test. Here we define the points where testing pays off, the interval to use in between, and the things that should send you to the cytogenetics laboratory whatever the passage count says.

Genetic audits are regularly carried out to determine the integrity of cells used in research. The utility of these audits depends on the question being asked.

Flux and pressure are process-critical parameters that change during tangential flow filtration (TFF). This article defines mechanisms, explains what rising pressure during a run actually tells you, and addresses the practical question of hollow fibre cartridge orientation.

The stiffness of a cell's surroundings is a critical factor in its functionality. The accuracy of in-vitro cell models of healthy and diseased tissues requires careful planning and selection of hydrogel substrates.

We compare the criteria that actually determine delivery outcomes: cargo loading, targeting, immune handling, manufacturability, analytical control and regulatory precedent.