Health checks reduce downstream costs, both financial and medical. The same is true for cells, for which karyotyping is the fundamental test. Here we define the points where testing pays off, the interval to use in between, and the things that should send you to the cytogenetics laboratory whatever the passage count says.

Genetic audits are regularly carried out to determine the integrity of cells used in research. The utility of these audits depends on the question being asked.

Flux and pressure are process-critical parameters that change during tangential flow filtration (TFF). This article defines mechanisms, explains what rising pressure during a run actually tells you, and addresses the practical question of hollow fibre cartridge orientation.

The stiffness of a cell's surroundings is a critical factor in its functionality. The accuracy of in-vitro cell models of healthy and diseased tissues requires careful planning and selection of hydrogel substrates.

We compare the criteria that actually determine delivery outcomes: cargo loading, targeting, immune handling, manufacturability, analytical control and regulatory precedent.

Why is SEC becoming more popular, and when is ultracentrifugation still useful?

Why self-assembling peptide hydrogels flow under shear and re-heal after it: the mechanism, the rheology tests that matter, and rules for injection and printing.

This article sets out the four classes of composite, explains why charge compatibility decides whether a blend succeeds or precipitates, and gives a practical route to designing and characterising a composite based on PeptiGel.