Metabolism in multicellular organisms is a complex interplay of biochemical processes that can be broadly categorized into two types: catabolism and anabolism. These processes, that are essential for maintaining life, enabling growth, and ensuring the proper functioning of cells and tissues, are controlled by growth factors and hormones.
Growth factors are critical to many aspects of cell culture including proliferation, differentiation and maintenance. Whilst the effects of insufficient growth factor, such as lack of proliferation, are readily apparent, the effects of adding too much growth factor can be less apparent but equally important.
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (30-150 nm) that play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication by transferring proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids between cells. Macrophage-derived exosomes (MDEs) have garnered significant attention in recent years for their role in tumorigenesis, the process by which normal cells transform into cancer cells. Macrophage-Derived Exosomes have key roles in tumorigenesis
Freeze drying, also known as lyophilization, is a dehydration process typically used to preserve structural integrity and the qualities of perishable materials and biological samples. This technique has found significant applications in various fields, including research and medicine. Here, we explore the principles of freeze drying, its applications, and its impact on research and medical practices.
