There are a wide variety of technologies available to concentrate and purify EVs and exosomes. Choosing the right one for your sample and downstream application is critical.
EVs are best known in the context of mammalian systems, where exosomes and microvesicles play critical roles in intercellular communication. However, plants also release vesicle-like particles with intriguing parallels, and key differences, from their animal counterparts.
Natural killer (NK) cells are part of the innate immune system and can identify and destroy cancer cells without prior sensitization to specific targets. These lymphocytes act as the body's first line of defense, using specialized receptors to distinguish between healthy and abnormal cells.
How robust is the evidence supporting the effectiveness of exosomes in costmetics? Where do these exosomes come from? And how large is the market for exosome-infused products?
Isolating EVs in a form compatible with downstream next-generation sequencing (NGS), particularly for small RNA analysis, can be technically challenging. But using the right kits to process the samples, many different groups have now developed an efficient workflow that is generating valuable EV microRNA data.
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating illness that 5-17% of us will experience during our lifetime. Identifying underlying biological mechanisms in MDD could increase our understanding of this disorder; allowing early-stage diagnosis and the development of new treatments. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), nano-sized, lipid-bound derivatives of cells that contain a plethora of cargo, such as miRNAs, lipids, and other proteins, offer a new avenue in this research.
Research relies on standards. For extracellular vescicles, a common language has been developed that allows a shared understanding and interpretation of data across labs.
Aptamers, from the Latin word aptus, meaning to fit, are short (20-100 nucleotide) sequences of synthetic DNA, RNA or peptides that can be used for binding to specific target molecules with high sensitivity and biocompatibility. Exosomes have been used to deliver ATP-sensing DNA aptamers in a model of Alzheimer disease.
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (30-150 nm) that play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication by transferring proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids between cells. Macrophage-derived exosomes (MDEs) have garnered significant attention in recent years for their role in tumorigenesis, the process by which normal cells transform into cancer cells. Macrophage-Derived Exosomes have key roles in tumorigenesis
Freeze drying, also known as lyophilization, is a dehydration process typically used to preserve structural integrity and the qualities of perishable materials and biological samples. This technique has found significant applications in various fields, including research and medicine. Here, we explore the principles of freeze drying, its applications, and its impact on research and medical practices.
