How does a shaking sensor provide real-time cytokine monitoring?
 
                                        
                                    Affinity-based biosensors use antibodies or aptamers to detect cytokines but suffer from slow dissociation kinetics (half-lives up to ~20 hours). Addressing this kinetic bottleneck enables real-time monitoring of concentration.
 
                         
                                        
                                     
                                        
                                     
                                        
                                     
                                        
                                     
                                        
                                     
                                        
                                     
                                        
                                     
                                        
                                    